Pasal Kete lg.....[Transmission / Gear Box]

Ok...lame nye xupdate blog ni...xpela..xde org nk bace pon...untuk mmuaskan nafsu diri je...hehe...

haa...hari ni cite pasal transmission for car...or kalo dlm bahase bengkel org slalu panggil gear box. Orait...kalo cite pasal gear box ni mst ade 2 type of gear yg slalu korg dgr kan...1st Manual Transmission...2nd Conventional Automatic Transmission. Sbnrnye ade lg 1 transmission system technology dlm dunia ni tp jarang2 la org pkai...sbb mahal kot technology dia 2.tp dia lg bagus dr 2 system ni. name system 2 ade Continous Variable Transmission (CVT)..
Orait before masuk deep utk each type of transmission...kite kene la tau ape sbnrnye function transmission ni. The thing is engine can rotate at very limited speed tau iaitu speed yg ade kt rpm kite 2 jela...each engine ni only can produce maximum torque n horsepower at 1 point of rpm. So...gune transmission ni adalah utk menyelaraskan speed rotation of engine with the desired speed of the tyre base on the point that produce maximum torque. Gitu la secara kasarnye...

Ok...kali ni nk cite pasal Manual Transmission dulu.len2 kali cite pasal auto punye plak k. bile kite ckp gear manual...so mstla ade clutch kan. Ok gune clutch ni adalah utk connecting or disconnecting between crank shaft (shaft dr enjin) with transmission shaft. Bygkan..bile stat enjin je...crack shaft akn xbrenti2 pusing...camne kite nk connect it with transmission ni yg static tnpa brntikan crack shaft 2. so...sini la function clutch. in easy word clutch is actually allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine (crank shaft) to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.

Gear	Ratio	RPM at Transmission Output Shaft with Engine at 3,000 rpm
1st	2.315:1	1,295
2nd	1.568:1	1,913
3rd	1.195:1	2,510
4th	1.000:1	3,000
5th	0.915:1	3,278

Orait...ni la basic view yg ade dlm manual gear. Kite ade 6 gear smua termasuk reverse kan. Kalo korg tgk ade 6 gear wrna biru. yg pling besau 2 gear 1...mkin kecik makin bertambah la gear dia. Yg biru hujung skali 2 gear reverse. Kalo korg tgk dia ade idler gear yg attach ke layshaft 2. Gune dia utk tuka direction of rotation. Ok green shaft lak dtg dr clutch td.kalo clutch da smbungkan crank shaft with green shaft ni then pusing la smua gear...green gear, red gear n blue gear). Tp take note k...shaft kuning (yg label to differential) ni xrotate pon kalo blue gear rotate k. It only will rotate kalo purple gear rotate. So utk rotatekn shaft ni..kene la smbung purple gear with blue gear 1st. ada pahamm~~

Ok...nmpk x tombol gear 2..haaa...sbnrnye kt tombol 2 ade 3 shaft utk selection gear propose. gear 1 n 2 pkai satu shaft n connected to first purple gear. gear 2 n 3 pkai 1 shaft n connected to 2nd purple gear. n gear 5 and reverse pkai 1 shaft n connected to 3rd purple gear. So cth nye...kalo kite nk masuk gear satu...H bar 2 kite ke kiri dulu kan...so masuk la shaft yg 1st...bile kite tolak ke atas maka 1st purple gear 2 akn atach la ke blue gear yg besau skali 2. so masuk la gear 1. cam 2 gk la utk gear 2 yg len...ni overview jela...nk cite detail lg g bengkel bukak sndri la gear box...huhu...

Ok...kalo korg tgk gear ratio lak kan.gear 1 smpai 4 biase nye reduction. makneny it reduce speed of tyre from the speed of engine. Smpai kt gear 5 da len da...sbb dia da increment ratio. Gear 5 ni kkdg org pggil dia overdrive gear. sbb bende ni la...haaa...

Orait...rasenye ckup da pnerangan aku ni utk memahamkan basic manual transmission ni...next time tulis pasal gear auto plak. Auto gear ni mmg care dia function mmg totally different concept dgn gear mnual ni. Sgt unik...bijak sungguh org yg cipta dia....huuuu....chalo~~

Brrroommm.....

Nk cite pasal Engine Kete lak ttbe...zasss~

Almost smua kete skrg ni gune 4 stoke engine. Cume ade la certain2 kete yg gune engine len cam diesel (biase kete 4wd) n rotaty engine (aku tau RX-8 je yg pkai engine ni..huhu) Ni kalo budak meche bace xtau fakta ni mmg buang negara la...lol

Ok...mmndangkn byk kete pasal 4 stoke..kite cite 4 stoke la k. korg mst pnh dgr term2 cam V6, double over head cam, 3.0 liter...haaa...smua ni adelah spec enjin 2 la. Engine consist of 2 main part; engine block and head. Engine block la kat mane piston, fly wheel, connecting rod, crank shaft and sump located. Head plak letaknye intake valve, exhaust valve, cam shaft and spark plug. haaa..budak meche bace pning...jap aku cari gmbar jap....

Haaa...gmbar ni ssuai..siap lebel da. Tgk ar yg bhgn atas 2 la Head engine. Bhgn bwh lak Engine block. Tp gmbar ni xde sump...sump 2 adelah takungan minyak hitam kt bwh engine block. Minyak hitam gune dia sbgai pelincir la spye lebeh efficient dan enjin pon tahan lame. Minyak hitam ni akn di pam oleh oil pump n with high pressure dia akn distribute ke slruh bhgn enjin (yg bawah piston je k..sbb atas piston 2 da kire combustion area da...xleh campur ngn minyak hitam)

Ok..td ade ckp pasal V6 kan...ha...sbnrny V susunan piston2 iaitu dlm V shape. 6 plak maksudny ade 6 piston utk engine 2. Orait..standard engine ade 4 6 or 12 piston la. Aku pnh tgk kene jaguar 12 piston...mmg gile beb~~ (kancil aku je 3 piston...pelik2)... orait... standard orientation lak biasenye ade in-line, V or flat shape. yg ni aku xphm sgt lak ape effect dia kat efficiency...nnt aku tnye mmber aku...

Orait..cite 4 stroke kan..ni stroke2 n condition engine pd stroke 2:
1) Intake stroke : Intake valve open, exhaust valve close, Piston moving downward
2) Compression stroke: Both valve close, Piston moving upward (compress)
3) Combustion stroke: Both valve close, spark plug ignite just a moment b4 piston reach top dead end, Piston moving downward
4) Exhaust stroke: Exhaust valve open, piston moving upward

Haishh...budak meche xtau ni mmg wajib kene rejam smpai ****.

Orait..ape yg mngawal valve2 ni dr open n close ikut stroke n ape lak yg kawal spark plug spaye dia ignite on da rite time. Ape yg kawal spark plug timing is distributor...and yg kawal valve plak kite pggil dia camshaft. budak meche xpnh dgr cam mmg trok...xskolah punye org.haha..jgn mara...ko try ar search tenet sndri tgk camne camshaft 2 look like k. Camshaft ni driven by crankshaft yg ade kt bwh engine 2 (tgk gmbar blik) dan both shaft ni digabungkan oleh timing belt. Orait...biasenye camshaft ni akn di adjust pusing one-half dr crankshaft. So gear camshaft punye gear mst kecik skit la kan...Hurm...kt sini la dtg nye term2 pelik cam double over head cam. maksudnye...camshaft 2 letak nye dekat atas head. double plak maksudnye ade 2 camshaft yg mane utk setiap cylinder ade 2 intake valve and 2 exhaust valve. so masing2 camshaft akan control 1 intake valve and 1 exhaust valve. Xslh aku kete lame2 dia xpkai overhead cam. cam shaft dia letak kt bwh n dia xpkai timing belt pn. Xpnh tgk mende ni...kalo nk tau try la cari sndri...

K...mls da nk tulis...nnt smbung part len2 plak dlm kete...ni basic je...at least kalo korg ade kete bace n pahamkn la...:)

chalosss~~

PC System [hardware]

Haaa...bape ramai pggune computer kt Malaysia ni yg btol2 tau pasal computer system n camne dia berfungsi.aleheii...aku rase xsmpai 20% pon la..Sbgai pggune pc yg bijak pe slhnye la kite ambik tau skit camne PC kite ni berfungsi...at least kalo ttbe rosak ke...ttbe slow ke...ttbe mggile computer kite 2...xdela kite mengamuk xtntu pasal.oraittt...zassss...

Basic hardware system kt PC kite consist of motherboard, power supply, processor, Random access memory (RAM), hard drive, sound card and video card. Yg len2 2 korg bole tmbah ikut application yg korg nk cam TV card (utk tgk tv), 3D card (utk men game yg dasyat2 gmbar dia) or disc drive (utk main CD or DVD).


Mother Board

Raja sgle board dlm PC.smua hardware2 korg mst kene attact to this board. Kalo nk wat analogy la..motherboard ni macam saraf tunjang kat dlm bdn kite ni.sbb saraf tunang la yg mghubungkan sgla hardware badan kite ( cam mata, telinga, tangan bla blaa..) dgn otak dan sebaliknye. Motherboard dilengkapi dgn system Basic input Output System (BIOS) chipset utk kawal setup motherboard. Haaaa...ape lak BIOS ni.cam slalu dgr kan...tp tau ke??:P hurmmm...BIOS ni sbnrnye system yg kawal PC korg dr stat on smpai la Operating System ( OS ni cam Window, Mac Linux smua 2 la) take over. BIOS ni akn pastikan smua hardware korg function as normal dulu..n bile smua da ok baru la dia akn upload Operating System into the RAM. Haaa..pening da..RAM ni utk ape lak kan...sabo2...nnt cite...

Power Supply

Power supply ni bnde yg mmberi tenage kt PC kite la. dr name da bole agk kan. Tp apekah sbnrnye function2 dia. nape kite xpkai direct current trus je kan dr umah kite 2.nape kene lalu power supply??haaa...power supply ni 1stly dia akan convert AC current to DC current. ade 3 typical voltage yg biase utk power supply iaitu 3.3V, 5V and 12V. 12V ni biase nye kalo korg nk pasang2 kipas extra kene ar pkai 12V. kalo x..pkai 3.3V or 5V da ckp da. Power supply jugak ade system on and off. korg slalu men picit je kan nk bukak PC 2.sbnrny..bile korg picit 2...5V signal akn dihantar ke power supply utk bgtau power supply supaya mula bg power kt whole system. Cam 2 gk ngn shut down..bile kite click shut down another 5volt signal akn dihntar maka power supply pon tutup la. PC dulu2 xde beb..nk off bile da click shutdown 2 kene tggu.bile da tulis "it's now safe to turn off ur PC" haaa...kene off manually power supply kite. Cam suiz lampu bilik je beb...

Processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Haaa...slalu ar budak2 ni dok sebut CPU 2...sbnrny CPU 2 processor. yg besau 2 bukan CPU...2 casing je. orait...CPU ni bole dianalogikan cam otak la.lg bijak otak kite...lg cepat kite berfikir. kalo PC...lg mahal processor kite lg cpt la maklumat diprocess. 3 ciri2 pnting utk processor ialah clock speed (running speed), FSB (data transfer speed antara CPU ngn RAM) n L2 Cache speed (frequent use memory...xyh la lalu RAM spye laju skit).

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM ni gune nye utk simpan temporary memory (istilah omputih vapor memory) yg mane memory ni hanye kekal slagi PC on.Bile PC off je...automatic smua memory 2 hilang.Lg besar RAM kite ni lg byk la memory kite leh simpan dlm satu mase. RAM ni adela kaitan dgn kalajuan PC dimana kite bole analogikn dia cam highway yg mghubungkan CPU dgn any input and output hardware. Ha...ingt time explanation CPU td..hanya L2 Cache memory je yg xlalu RAM sbb mmory ni slalu gune.So direct simpan kt dlm processor. kalo RAM kite tggi lg byk la kite leh wat keje 1 mase dgn kelajuan yg still bgus. Sbb highway kite besar kan...byk kete lalu pon xjam.haaa...kalo highway kite kecik...2 yg bole wat PC jd hang 2.kkdg ade virus yg running kan certain program 2 byk2 mmbuatkan gune byk memory. So PC senang hang...xyh la ngamok2 kalo ttbe PC ske hang ye...


Demm..da pnt menulis...nnt sambung lg...chaloss~~

Compact Disc

Sbnrnye ni soalan time intrview haliburton dulu..mmg aku kantoi la xleh jwb..hari ni ttbe trase nk cari ape jwpan nye...so zassss...

Ok...sbnrny bile kite beli CD kosong..CD 2 adalah clear dan sgt suci tanpa titik2 noda.haa..mst ade org yg xtau kan camne CD yg simple gitu mmpu simpan data. Ape yg kite tau burn CD...but ape yg sbnrnye terjadi waktu burn 2???

hurmmm...actually bile kite kate burn...cd burner 2 akn mmbakar CD tu lalu meghasilkan lubang2 kecil diatas CD 2 yg xdpt dilihat oleh mata kasar sbb lubang2 ni skecil skala mikron. Lubang2 ni di panggil 'pit'. Kite kuarkan cd lepas burning 2 kkdg tgk CD 2 cam xde perubahan jela kan. sbnrnye CD 2 da pon ternoda.haaa...take note~~

ni la ilustration pit

Sbnrnye lubang2 ni la yg menyimpan data yg anda nk simpan dimana lubang2 tu adalah binary code yg akan dibace bile laser dipancarkan ke CD lalu laser 2 terpntul semula then directed tophoto sensor and lastly producing a series of electrical pulse. Ingt x binary code...system digital yg hanye mggunakan number 0 dan 1. Bile laser reflected by pit, it will signal 1..bile reflected by land...it will signal 0.So, it is all about Compact Disc basically....

haa...ade additional info...ape beza CD ngn DVD. sbnrnye concept dia same je. cume DVD ni lg canggih la. DVD bole mghasilkan pit yg lebih kurus dan jarak antra pit 2 adalah jauh lebeh rapat utk DVD. Memandangkan DVD ni lg canggih...so reader n burner dia msti la kene canggih gk. DVD burner kenela mmpu mghasilkan pit2 yg kecik ni. DVD reader lak mstla ade rotation speed yg ckup, data rate yg laju dan laser wavelenght mst la bersesuaian utk mmbace DVD ni...




Ade lg ilmu tambahan...Certain DVD bole hasilkan pit on dual layer...and double side. 2 la yg kkdg korg prasan ade term DL (Dual layer) or SL (single layer) and SS (Single side) or DS (double side).

-cub-